{"id":2230,"date":"2022-08-28T20:03:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-28T20:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/?p=2230"},"modified":"2022-08-28T20:03:55","modified_gmt":"2022-08-28T20:03:55","slug":"how-to-secure-ssh-on-linux-servers-ubuntu-centos-fedora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-secure-ssh-on-linux-servers-ubuntu-centos-fedora\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Secure SSH on Linux servers Ubuntu\/CentOS\/Fedora"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en.jpg\" alt=\"Secure SSH on Linux servers\nUbuntu\/Centos\/Fedora\" class=\"wp-image-2234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/08\/secure_ssh_linux_en-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is SSH?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<strong>Secure Shell Protocol<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>SSH<\/strong>) is a&nbsp;cryptographic&nbsp;network protocol&nbsp;for operating&nbsp;network services&nbsp;securely over an unsecured network.&nbsp;Its most notable applications are remote&nbsp;login&nbsp;and&nbsp;command-line&nbsp;execution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An SSH&nbsp;client&nbsp;programme is typically used for establishing connections to an SSH&nbsp;daemon&nbsp;accepting remote connections. Both are commonly present on most modern&nbsp;operating systems, including&nbsp;macOS,&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;OpenBSD,&nbsp;FreeBSD&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, you will secure the SSH port and disable the root user&#8217;s login.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The configuration file is located in <strong><code>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Change SSH port<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of attack scripts only use port 22, which is the standard SSH port by default. Evidently, changing the default SSH port should offer a significant extra protection layer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open config file and Change <kbd>Port 22<\/kbd> to <kbd>Port 2445<\/kbd>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">...\n# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with\n# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where\n# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the\n# default value.\n\nInclude \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config.d\/*.conf\n\n<s>Port 22<\/s>\n<strong>Port 2445<\/strong>\n#AddressFamily any\n#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0\n#ListenAddress ::\n...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You must keep the port number in mind or write it down if you want to use SSH to access your servers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restart <kbd>OpenSSH<\/kbd> server.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In&nbsp;Debian \/ Ubuntu&nbsp;Linux:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo service ssh restart\n# using systemd:\n$ sudo systemctl restart ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CentOS \/ RHEL \/ Fedora \/ Redhat Linux:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ sudo service sshd restart\n# using systemd:\n$ sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>now to connect to our ssh server we add <kbd>-p<\/kbd> parameter with the new port number <kbd>2445<\/kbd>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ ssh root@SERVER_IP -p 2445<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Next up, we disable root login.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Disable root login via SSH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#8217;t have a Sudo enabled user already, you can follow our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/?p=2197\">Creating a New sudo-enabled User<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>further, use the sudo user you added before to your machine rather than root to connect to the server through SSH if you have any.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By changing the <kbd>PermitRootLogin<\/kbd> option and setting it to no, you will prevent root login:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">...\n# Authentication:\n\n#LoginGraceTime 2m\n<s>PermitRootLogin yes<\/s>\n<strong>PermitRootLogin no<\/strong>\n#StrictModes yes\n#MaxAuthTries 6\n#MaxSessions 10\n\n#PubkeyAuthentication yes\n...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Restart the SSH server, and you should now be able to connect to our server as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ ssh bob@SERVER_IP -p 2445\n# To switch to root user use:\n$ sudo su\n[sudo] password for bob:<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Disable password based SSH login<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To get rid of the constant brute force attacks, you can opt for only key-based SSH login.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Follow our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-use-a-private-key-for-ssh-authentication\/\">How to use a Private key for SSH authentication<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following considerations must be considered prior to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>To at least make sure you can log into your server, create an SSH key pair on your personal or work computer and add this public SSH key to your server.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>When password-based authentication is disabled, unauthorized machines cannot ssh into your server.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>You won&#8217;t be able to access your server again if you are locked out.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>You&nbsp;are&nbsp;now&nbsp;aware&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;dangers&nbsp;involved&nbsp;with&nbsp;removing&nbsp;password-based&nbsp;SSH&nbsp;logins.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s see how to do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disable Password Authenticated By changing <kbd>PasswordAuthentication<\/kbd> option and setting it to no, you will prevent password login:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">...\n\n# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!\n<s>PasswordAuthentication yes<\/s>\n\n<strong>PasswordAuthentication no<\/strong>\n#PermitEmptyPasswords no\n\n...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We have provided a list of useful SSH fortification techniques. There are a number of other techniques to protect SSH and your Linux server. It&#8217;s impossible to provide a complete list of them in one article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is SSH? The&nbsp;Secure Shell Protocol&nbsp;(SSH) is a&nbsp;cryptographic&nbsp;network protocol&nbsp;for operating&nbsp;network services&nbsp;securely over an unsecured network.&nbsp;Its most notable applications are remote&nbsp;login&nbsp;and&nbsp;command-line&nbsp;execution. An SSH&nbsp;client&nbsp;programme is typically used for establishing connections to an SSH&nbsp;daemon&nbsp;accepting remote connections. Both are commonly present on most modern&nbsp;operating systems, including&nbsp;macOS,&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;OpenBSD,&nbsp;FreeBSD&#8230; In this guide, you will secure the SSH port and disable the root ..<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-fix\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-secure-ssh-on-linux-servers-ubuntu-centos-fedora\/\" title=\"read more...\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[69,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>How to Secure SSH on Linux servers Ubuntu\/CentOS\/Fedora - WebHi Tutorials &amp; Documentations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this guide, you will secure the SSH port and disable the root user&#039;s login.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-secure-ssh-on-linux-servers-ubuntu-centos-fedora\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Secure SSH on Linux servers Ubuntu\/CentOS\/Fedora - WebHi Tutorials &amp; 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