{"id":2988,"date":"2022-10-17T21:43:21","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T21:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/?p=2988"},"modified":"2022-10-17T21:43:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T21:43:23","slug":"how-to-use-iptables-firewall-rules-on-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-use-iptables-firewall-rules-on-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to use iptables Firewall Rules on Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en.jpg\" alt=\"Iptables Firewall Rules on Linux tutorial\" class=\"wp-image-3010\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/gilrogre\/2022\/10\/iptables_en-150x84.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Iptables is a powerful Linux utility that allows system administrators to configure the kernel&#8217;s built-in firewall. Iptables uses a set of rules to determine how to filter network traffic. Each rule specifies what type of traffic to filter and what action to take on matching traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we will discuss some basic iptables rules and commands to help secure your server. By default, iptables blocks all incoming traffic and allows all outgoing traffic. This is not very secure, so we will need to add some rules to make our server more secure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prerequisites\">Basic Syntax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before we get started, let&#8217;s go over the basic syntax for iptables. The general syntax for iptables is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -A &lt;chain&gt; -p &lt;protocol&gt; -s &lt;source&gt; -d &lt;destination&gt; -j &lt;action&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code>&lt;chain&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;is the name of the chain (explained below)<\/li><li><code>&lt;protocol&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;is the protocol of the traffic (usually TCP, UDP, or ICMP)<\/li><li><code>&lt;source&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;is the source IP address<\/li><li><code>&lt;destination&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;is the destination IP address<\/li><li><code>&lt;action&gt;<\/code>&nbsp;is the action to take (usually ACCEPT or DROP)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chains\">Chains<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Chains are used to group together related iptables rules. There are three built-in chains:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><code>INPUT<\/code>: for incoming traffic<\/li><li><code>OUTPUT<\/code>: for outgoing traffic<\/li><li><code>FORWARD<\/code> : in the case of traffic routed from one network to another.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Or you also create our own custom chains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"actions\">Actions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two main actions that we can take with iptables: ACCEPT and DROP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>ACCEPT: allows the traffic through<\/li><li>DROP: blocks the traffic<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basic-rules\">Basic Commands<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"listing-rules\">Listing Rules<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>iptables -L<\/code>&nbsp;command is used for listing all the rules in a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -L\n\nChain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)\ntarget     prot opt source               destination         \n\nChain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)\ntarget     prot opt source               destination         \n\nChain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)\ntarget     prot opt source               destination   \n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>-v<\/code>&nbsp;option is used for listing the rules with verbose output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -L -v\n\nChain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)\n pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         \n\nChain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)\n pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         \n\nChain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)\n pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination  <\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"adding-rules\">Adding Rules<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>iptables -A<\/code>&nbsp;command is used for adding a rule at the end of a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>-I<\/code>&nbsp;option is used for adding a rule at the specified position in a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -I INPUT 2 -s 192.168.1.0\/24 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>-p<\/code>&nbsp;option is used for specifying the protocol and <code>--dport<\/code>&nbsp;option is used for specifying the destination port.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deleting-rules\">Deleting Rules<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>iptables -D<\/code>&nbsp;command is used for deleting a rule at the specified position in a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -D INPUT 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>-F<\/code>&nbsp;: option is used for deleting all the rules in a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -F INPUT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>-X<\/code>&nbsp; : The option is used for deleting a user defined chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -X mychain<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><code>-P<\/code> This option is used for specifying the default policy for a chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables -P INPUT DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"saving-rules\">Saving Rules<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>iptables-save<\/code>&nbsp;command is used for saving the current iptables rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables-save &gt; \/etc\/iptables.rules<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<code>iptables-restore<\/code>&nbsp;command is used for restoring the saved iptables rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"bash\" class=\"language-bash\">$ iptables-restore &lt; \/etc\/iptables.rules<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this guide, we learned how to list, delete, save, and restore iptables rules.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Iptables is a powerful Linux utility that allows system administrators to configure the kernel&#8217;s built-in firewall. Iptables uses a set of rules to determine how to filter network traffic. Each rule specifies what type of traffic to filter and what action to take on matching traffic. In this guide, we will discuss some basic ..<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear-fix\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webhi.com\/how-to\/how-to-use-iptables-firewall-rules-on-linux\/\" title=\"read more...\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[69,3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>How to use iptables Firewall Rules on Linux - WebHi Tutorials &amp; Documentations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this guide, we will discuss some basic iptables rules and commands to help secure your server. By default, iptables blocks all incoming traffic and allows all outgoing traffic. 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